Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) Supporting the Additive Industry

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Hot Isostatic Pressing and Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)

With typical pressures from 400 to 2,070 bar (5,800 to 30,000 psi) and temperatures up to 2,000°C (3,632°F), HIP can achieve 100% of maximum theoretical density and improve the ductility and fatigue resistance of critical, high-performance materials. The components from 3D-printing, regardless of method (EBM, SLM, etc.), benefits greatly from Hot Isostatic Pressing.

Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP:ing) has been used successfully by manufacturers around the world. HIP:ing is used to eliminate pores and remove defects, i.e. nitrides, oxides and carbides, to dramatically increase the material properties. Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing is rapidly taking hold in demanding markets such as aerospace and medical implants. Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment combined eliminates pores and thus increases the ductility and fatigue resistance of parts which are often safety and quality critical. The aerospace industry is planning to use additive manufacturing for mass production of critical metal alloy parts.

Proven Process for Densification of Additively Manufactured Parts

Common applications for hot isostatic pressing include defect healing of AM parts (pore elimination), consolidation of Titanium powder and diffusion bonding of dissimilar metals or alloys. The technology is expanding into new applications for Aerospace applications as well as heat treatment.

Quintus Technologies Hot Isostatic Pressing for Additive Manufacturing

Why You Should HIP 3D Printed Parts

100% of theoretical density
» Longer life time
» Predictive life time
» Lighter and/or low weight
designs

Medical implants defect healing with Quintus Technologies Hot isostatic pressing

Quintus can help you perfect parts in defects with High Pressure Heat Treatment

sample medical implant used in hot isostatic press

Hot Isostatic Pressing offers high performance parts

Example of turbine blade that has been perfected with Quintus

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Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment Simultaneously

Quintus^® Uniform Rapid Cooling (URC^®) and optional Uniform Rapid Quenching (URQ^®) furnaces can provide decreased cycle time, higher productivity, and a unique HIP cycle that includes heat treatment. Benefits are reduced energy consumption, reduced costs, improved quality control and the material is ready for following production steps, i.e machining, polishing, etc.

Pore elimination gives dramatic effects of the fatigue life when it comes to stress levels and number of cycles before failure. Up to 10 times improvement can be achieved by HIPing in the right conditions.

Improving parts for the aerospace industry
Of all the HIP installations in the world, more than 50% are utilized to consolidate and improve the material properties of Titanium and Superalloys for the aerospace industry. Today HIP is the standard procedure to give longer and predictive life time of fan blades in an aircraft engine.

Regardless of alloy system, or 3D printing method (EBM, SLM, etc.), HIP is the way forward for optimized material properties and cost savings for safe and efficient production with high quality.

U2RC – Uniform Ultra Rapid Cooling with different pressures

Variable cooling and heating rates and pressure levels will make it possible to precisely control the quality and mechanical properties of treated parts.

Chart shows High Pressure Heat Treatment improves mechanical defects of Aerospace parts

Improving parts for the aerospace industry

Courtesy of Bodycote

Why you should HIP

100% of theoretical density

Longer life time
Predictive life time
Lighter and/or low weight designs

Improved material properties

Increased mechanical properties e.g. fatigue, wear, abrasion and ductility
Reduced property scatter
Stress relief of AM parts

More efficient production vs. traditional manufacturing

AM combined with HIP can reduce energy use up to 50%
AM combined with HIP can reduce material costs up to 90%

HIP is expanding into new applications such as:

Automotive and Aerospace
HIPing of large volumes
Material heat treatment by quenching
Stress relief by temperature and pressure
Metal injection molded parts

HIP Quenching Values

Controlled cooling rates up to 3,000°C/min can be achieved by combining possibilities of pressure and temperature control that the URQ can offer:

Heat treatment steps can be included into the HIP cycle
Shortened lead time
Process steps, like stress relief, can be removed from the usual process route to increase productivity and lower cost/kg

Benefits compared to conventional heat treatment methods:

Programmable temperature distribution with good accuracy
No distortion due to reduced thermal stresses
No cleaning or drying of parts after quenching
Reduced cracking

New and unique materials can be achieved

Material optimization
Improved fatigue and ductility
Non-castable alloy compositions

Common applications include

Defect healing of AM parts
Consolidation of powder metal and ceramic parts
Diffusion bonding

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Advanced Material Densification