
White Paper - Optimized HIP and Heat Treatment for Fatigue Strength of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V
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With typical pressures from 400 to 2,070 bar (5,800 to 30,000 psi) and temperatures up to 2,000°C (3,632°F), HIP can achieve 100% of maximum theoretical density and improve the ductility and fatigue resistance of critical, high-performance materials. The components from 3D-printing, regardless of method (EBM, SLM, etc.), benefits greatly from Hot Isostatic Pressing.
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP:ing) has been used successfully by manufacturers around the world. HIP:ing is used to eliminate pores and remove defects, i.e. nitrides, oxides and carbides, to dramatically increase the material properties. Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing is rapidly taking hold in demanding markets such as aerospace and medical implants. Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment combined eliminates pores and thus increases the ductility and fatigue resistance of parts which are often safety and quality critical. The aerospace industry is planning to use additive manufacturing for mass production of critical metal alloy parts.
Common applications for hot isostatic pressing include defect healing of AM parts (pore elimination), consolidation of Titanium powder and diffusion bonding of dissimilar metals or alloys. The technology is expanding into new applications for Aerospace applications as well as heat treatment.
100% of theoretical density
» Longer life time
» Predictive life time
» Lighter and/or low weight
designs
Quintus® Uniform Rapid Cooling (URC®) and optional Uniform Rapid Quenching (URQ®) furnaces can provide decreased cycle time, higher productivity, and a unique HIP cycle that includes heat treatment. Benefits are reduced energy consumption, reduced costs, improved quality control and the material is ready for following production steps, i.e machining, polishing, etc.
Pore elimination gives dramatic effects of the fatigue life when it comes to stress levels and number of cycles before failure. Up to 10 times improvement can be achieved by HIPing in the right conditions.
Improving parts for the aerospace industry
Of all the HIP installations in the world, more than 50% are utilized to consolidate and improve the material properties of Titanium and Superalloys for the aerospace industry. Today HIP is the standard procedure to give longer and predictive life time of fan blades in an aircraft engine.
Regardless of alloy system, or 3D printing method (EBM, SLM, etc.), HIP is the way forward for optimized material properties and cost savings for safe and efficient production with high quality.
100% of theoretical density
Improved material properties
More efficient production vs. traditional manufacturing
HIP is expanding into new applications such as:
Controlled cooling rates up to 3,000°C/min can be achieved by combining possibilities of pressure and temperature control that the URQ can offer:
Benefits compared to conventional heat treatment methods:
New and unique materials can be achieved
Common applications include